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ADHD and Anxiety Medication Anxiety disorders are frequently co-occurring with ADHD. Anxiety can cause anxiety, restlessness and trouble sleeping. Stimulant medication can help alleviate symptoms, but it can also cause side-effects such as tics or slight growth decreases in children and adolescents. Many people also experience their anxiety levels increase when they are taking stimulant medications. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in capsules, tablets, chunky clear crystals or a brown or white powder. The use of large doses of stimulants can result in over-stimulation, anxiety, panic attacks, stomach cramps or paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants may cause addiction and serious side effects like heart problems, high blood pressure and stroke. These medications are also proven to relieve anxiety symptoms. They improve the amount of brain chemicals norepinephrine and dopamine that are generally lower in people with ADHD. This increases activity and communication between parts of the brain that control executive and attention. This leads to improved control of impulses and anxiety symptoms diminishing. Research has shown that both atomoxetine as well as methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in people with ADHD and comorbid anxiety disorders. The improvement in anxiety symptoms was evident as early as the fourth week of treatment for both medications and the benefits were sustained through 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to keep in mind that the type of medication best for treating anxiety and ADHD co-occurring symptoms might depend on which condition is more affecting a person's quality of life. A person may experience a variety of small-scale crises that cause anxiety throughout the day as they rush to make appointments or keep up with projects at work or school. These can be distressing and can cause anxiety more frequently than symptoms of panic attacks or phobia. In these cases it is possible to address the anxiety-related symptoms using antidepressants or SSRIs, which have been proven to be effective in decreasing anxiety levels in adults. They are administered orally and can take a long time to begin working. The most common options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibits (SSRIs) that include Sertraline, Fluoxetine and serotonin, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) which include duloxetine and venlafaxine. They can be used in addition to cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and are especially useful when a patient is suffering from high blood pressure. SSRIs SSRIs are antidepressant drugs are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. The drug that is the most popular in this category is fluoxetine, better known as Prozac. The SSRIs are also effective in treating depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic disorder. These medications are more versatile than earlier generations of antidepressants, and they have fewer and fewer severe adverse effects. The SSRIs inhibit serotonin's reuptake at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter remain active in the synapse and signal the post-synaptic cell more times than it would normally. This may increase the amount of norepinephrine released, which can reduce anxiety symptoms. It may also lead to an increase in the levels of neuronal cyclic AMP (cAMP), which stimulates protein production. They also decrease the impulsivity and hyperactivity. They also can improve sleep quality and reduce anxiety for those with ADHD. However, these medications can increase the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and behavior in certain individuals. They may also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, particularly when they are first introduced. SNRIs are a different kind of antidepressant compared to SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Similar to SSRIs they may affect anxiety, but they can also improve the functioning of heart muscle and blood vessels, which can decrease anxiety and stress. Certain people with bipolar disorder can also benefit from their use. The most popular SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and the venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). SNRIs may cause blood pressure to increase in some people, so those who suffer from high blood pressure and heart disease should not take them. There are a variety of behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be employed in addition to medication. Mindfulness practices can be helpful in reducing anxiety and stress, as can practicing yoga and meditation. Some people find tapping specific points of the body, or Emotional Freedom Techniques, helps lower the cortisol hormone that causes anxiety. Exercise and diet can help reduce anxiety. Your doctor can recommend a diet of whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoiding sugar, which can worsen anxiety in some ADHD children and adults. Non-stimulant based medications While stimulants are extremely effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively studied however they are not the most appropriate choice for people who also suffer from anxiety and ADHD. The stimulant drugs can cause negative side effects such as jitteriness rapid heart rate and nervousness that could be similar to or worsen anxiety symptoms. Non-stimulant drugs are a more recent option that has been used to treat ADHD since 2002 (under the brand name Strattera). They do not raise blood pressure or heart rate, and are less likely than stimulant drugs to cause anxiety-related side effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine. It can aid in improving concentration and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Studies have also proven that it can help improve anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers collected clinical articles from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO in order to determine whether atomoxetine improved anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents with ADHD. Another medication that is effective in helping with anxiety symptoms is bupropion, which is a drug that targets the brain chemical dopamine. Bupropion is typically prescribed to those suffering from ADHD and depression. It can also improve moods and decrease symptoms of anxiety. It is often a good idea to try and treat the underlying anxiety-related issue before treating the ADHD, as it can help to alleviate anxiety symptoms. In some instances anxiety symptoms in ADHD children may be the cause of their anxiety. The most effective method of treating anxiety in these circumstances is usually cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychostimulants. This is because these treatments will address the root of the problem and help reduce ADHD symptoms, which will consequently, decrease anxiety. adhd medication for adults uk are also often prescribed to those suffering from coexisting ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target the brain chemical Serotonin can alleviate anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline. Your doctor will ultimately decide what medication is most suitable for you. Before recommending a medication they will take into consideration your lifestyle, symptoms, age, along with other health issues. It is crucial to discuss your treatment goals with your doctor and adhere to a routine daily while taking any medication. Other options Other treatment options could be beneficial to manage ADHD or anxiety, depending on your health goals. adhd medication for adults uk include mindfulness meditation yoga (Emotional Freedom techniques) tapping and sleeping and nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. People with anxiety are more likely to develop symptoms of ADHD, Dr. Hallowell says, which makes it difficult to treat both conditions at once. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, and then non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine or bupropion for anxiety disorders. These work around the clock and are not controlled substances like stimulants.